3. Two different ideas for genre are “a typified response to recurrent rhetorical situations,” and “Genre occupies a middle position between microlevel and macrolevel forms of analysis, providing a link between particular linguistic processes and particular cultures that both constitute and are constituted by these processes”

2. The problem Carter is addressing is the lack of a relationship between writing and knowledge in their disciplines. “One way of helping faculty understand the integral role of writing in their various disciplines is to present disciplines as ways of doing, which links ways of knowing and writing in the disciplines. “ Faculty among disciplines do not teach writing outside their disciplines. “Faculty in the disciplines continue to conceive of writing as generalizable to all disciplines and therefore distinct from disciplinary knowledge, to be learned as a general skill outside the disciplines”.

4. “Metagenre indicates a structure of similar ways of doing that point to similar ways of writing and knowing,” A metagenre is like a broad sense of genres. A larger system of genres, a “genre of genres.”

5. The four meta genres according to Carter are problem solving, empirical inquiry, research from sources, and performance. Problem solving is the dominant metagenre. Needs to “identify, define, and analyze a problem: what it is that generates the problem, what is given, what is unknown, and what are the criteria for viable solutions to the problem”

Empirical Inquiry; : “Empirical inquiry is a way of doing that consists of answering questions by drawing conclusions from systematic investigation based on empirical data.” identify important research questions. identify an existing theory in political science appropriate to the investigation. create hypotheses. test hypotheses using rigorous empiricism. apply appropriate methodologies to collected data. explain acquired information in the context of existing knowledge in the field.

Research from Sources “The two primary distinguishing characteristics of this metagenre are (1) the kind of research that is done, that is, not based on data gathered from independent observations but largely on sources that have their origins elsewhere; and (2) the goal of the research, which typically does not have extrinsic value, such as solving practical problems or investigating hypotheses, but value that is intrinsic to the discipline”

Performance: “The label for this metagenre is intended to denote both the act and the resulting object of a performance, but particularly the primacy of the object as evidence of success in learning to perform the act, the doing of performance.” Understanding of basic design principles, concepts, media, and formats in various fine arts disciplines. Mastery of basic foundation techniques, particularly as related to specific fine arts field. The ability to conceive, design, and create works in one or more specific fine arts field.